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SBR- Sequencing Batch Reactors
This is a variant of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) technology & is essentially a batch treatment by combination of primary settling, aeration, secondary settling and decanting the treated sewage in a series of sequenced and or simultaneous reactions in the same basin on a time deferred cycle. Thus, among the multiple basins, one basin is used in one part of the cycle of aeration, settling and discharging the treated sewage in a cyclically repeated operation is done in another tank. Membrane of high efficiency fine bubble non-clog for diffused aeration is preferred.
Schematic flow diagram of Sequencing Batch Reactors process is presented
The essential components of SBR’s are:
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Reactor basin
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Waste sludge draw-off mechanism
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Aeration equipment
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Effluent decanter
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Process control system
Advantages
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The stabilized sludge is generated
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Absence of odour and corrosive gases & can remove N and P concurrent with BOD.
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Less manpower is required due to automatic control, easy operation & maintenance.
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High quality effluent for reuse without separate nutrient removal and fine filtration.
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Can be expanded as a modular system.
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Capability to manage and treat variable loading conditions such as normal, dilute monsoon, diurnal and shock loads.
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Can also be used with primary clarifiers and conventional F/M ratio for bio-methanation and energy recovery.
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Separate secondary clarifiers and major return sludge pumping stations are not required, good use of common walls, simple square, rectangular or circular structures, can reduce the footprint compared to 5 conventional activated sludge process.
Disadvantages
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At least semi-skilled manpower is required.
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Patented process technology and decanters defying local cannibalization
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No provision for sludge management
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No provision of primary treatment to moderate pollution load variations.
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Higher energy input if used without bio-methanation
